For the majority of the Middle Ages, Valencia was a constituent part of larger polities. From the time of the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, Valencia was controlled by the Umayyad Caliphate in Baghdad and the Emirate/Caliphate of Cordoba. Following the latter's collapse, Valencia became the seat of a Taifa state ruled by a succession of local dynasties from 1010 until it was conquered by Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, El Cid, in 1095. He ruled until his death, when his widow swore fealty to Castile, but was forced out in 1102 and Valencia fell back under the control of a Muslim Caliphate. Again in the 1140s, Caliphate collapse led to the return of local rule, but following four changes of leadership in two years it fell under the control of neighboring Mercia, and later the Almohad Caliphate. A third time, in 1229, Valencia saw almost a decade of local rule before being conquered by Aragon in 1237. Valencia was reorganized into an administrative 'Kingdom of Valencia' within the Crown of Aragon, ruled by Governors appointed by the Aragonese monarch. This arrangement continued until the formal creation of the Crown of Spain and abolition of the previous administrative kingdoms by the Nueva Planta Decrees in 1714.
For those who ruled in or over Valencia, see the following pages:
through 1010, ruled by the Umayyad Caliphate and Emirate/Caliphate of Córdoba
1010 - 1095 First Taifa of Valencia
1095 - 1099 El Cid
1099 - 1102 ruled by Castile
1102 - 1145 ruled by Almoravids of Morocco
1145 - 1147 Second Taifa of Valencia
1147 - 1172 ruled by Taifa of Murcia
1172 - 1229 ruled by Almohad Caliphate
1229 - 1237 Third Taifa of Valencia
1237 - 1714 administrative 'Kingdom of Valencia' ruled by Crown of Aragon, and Kings of Spain